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Topic Started: Jun 13 2018, 09:12 AM (13 Views)
dmt1997325

Modern Mining Equipment Adopts New Techniques


Different techniques are used in mining. They are divided into two different excavation types. These are underground and surface mining.

Surface mining is the most common. The bulk of minerals Preston Smith Jersey , diamond and silver included are gotten through surface mining. Surface mining is carried out by getting rid of all surface vegetation and rock layers. This is done to reach the ore deposits.

On the contrary, the digging of shafts and tunnels with the aim of reaching the ore is what is involved in underground mining, also referred to as subsurface mining.

The mining of minerals requires the use of heavy machinery. As far as land extraction is concerned, bulldozers, explosives, trucks and drills are essential. Miners and the minerals are transported using trams while lifts carry them in and out of the mines. Huge trucks, shovels and cranes are used for purposes of moving large amounts of ore in surface mining. Machinery to be found in processing plants include roasters, crushers, mils and reactors. They help in the extraction of metals, minerals as well as other vital materials from ores.

It was the Romans who made great development in the history of mining. They were the first ones to use large scale quarrying methods such as the use of volumes of water to operate simple machinery, remove debris, and so forth. This has come to be known as hydraulic mining or hydraulicking. This is a form of mining that uses high-pressured jolts of water to move rocks and other debris.

In the 1300s, the demand for metal to swords, armors, and other weapons increased dramatically. More minerals such as iron and silver were extensively quarried. The demand to produce coins likewise increased to the point of causing a shortage of silver. During this period, iron became an indispensable component in building constructions; machineries and other mining equipment became prevalent.

From open-pit mining, water mills and black powder have evolved into bulldozers, explosives, trucks, and so on. Other technological innovations such as green light laser used in mining as saw guides and machine alignment help miners quarry lands.

From pre-historic tools, large machineries are now used to effectively and quickly excavate lands. These are also used to break down and remove rocks, even mountains. Custom engineered equipment now helps in the extraction of various precious minerals and other bedded materials such as gypsum and salt.

Today, there are currently five categories of mining: coal, metal ore, non-metallic mineral mining, oil, and gas extraction. Oil and gas extraction remains to be one of the biggest industries in the world today.






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Football, which essentially involves kicking a ball and negotiating it to the goalpost using only the feet - has been a popular sport for several centuries in many countries across the world. The game is known by a variety of names - rugby, soccer, football etc

During ancient times, the Greeks and the Romans played many types of ball games and a few prominent ones resembled the present-day football. Though there is not much of recorded history of Greeks playing football, it is seen that the game of Episkyro which is similar to football was regularly played throughout Greece as early as 800 BCE.

However, the Episkyro game permitted the use of hands as well, which means the game was more in the nature of rugby than football. But the other features of Episkyro were in accordance with football. For instance, the size of the playing field and each team having twelve players were in accordance with the latter day football.

Historians of sports suggest that it was not so much Episkyro but another Greek ball game Harpastron that was the forerunner to football. Strangely, the Greek word Harpastron means handball and not football. The fact is the Greeks did not popularize the game much in their own country but allowed it to develop in a big way in Rome.

There is evidence to suggest that Romans borrowed the basic concept of both the Greek games of Episkyro and Harpastron and evolved a new a game called Harpastum. They also insisted on kicking the ball and using all other parts of the body during the game except the hands. The Roman game of Harpastum can be truly considered as the forerunner to football.

Although it is difficult to state in a pinpointed way when the Romans started playing Harpastum, it can be safely presumed that they must have introduced the game after the Romans conquered Greece in 146 BCE. Harpastum principally resembled the rugby style of the game and it appears it was played even by Julius Caesar and his generals for improving the overall physical fitness of the Roman Army.

It is known that the Harpastum ball was made from leather skin and stuffed with chopped sponges or animal fur and was much smaller measuring 8 inches in diameter. They used a smaller rectangular pitch and the number of players in each team varied and occasionally, they played even with a hundred players to a side. Harpastum was indeed a fast and exciting game that often turned violent leading to even physical assault.

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