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| Dominant red in cattle / california in cavia | |
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| Tweet Topic Started: Jun 26 2015, 11:30 AM (425 Views) | |
| reh | Jun 26 2015, 11:30 AM Post #1 |
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Get the Duct Tape, Stat!
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In case someone is interested, in cattle a new gene was found causing a dominant red epistatic to even ED. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4456281/ The mutation seems to be caused by a mutation in COPA (not yet known as coat color gene in mammals), which is involved in intracellular transportation. The result is similar as in recessive red, so they speculate its caused by abnormal transport of mRNA or the protein of the extension gene MC1R breaking the signaling pathway for pigment type switching. Edited by reh, Jun 29 2015, 02:59 PM.
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www.rabbitcolors.info - Images and Gene Codes www.satinangora.de | |
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| NeuBunny | Jun 26 2015, 03:23 PM Post #2 |
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Genetics Geek!
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Interesting! Goats and alpacas (and I think sheep too) both have a dominant A-series mutation that causes 'solid phaeomelanin' ... in addition to a recessive E-series mutation for phaeomelanin (as with rabbits). Goats also have a recessive b mutation which shifts eumelanin to 'liver red' (recessive to both black and chocolate). Keeps things interesting! |
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| reh | Jun 27 2015, 03:38 AM Post #3 |
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Get the Duct Tape, Stat!
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What i find most interesting is its not beeing one of the core color genes. |
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www.rabbitcolors.info - Images and Gene Codes www.satinangora.de | |
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| twr | Jun 28 2015, 08:05 AM Post #4 |
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POWITH!!
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Thanks reh. I'm always interested in this sort of thing. I find it most interesting when the new gene tells us something new about wild-type colour formation. It is too early to be sure but it looks like that may not be the case here. The proposed allele name seems odd. I thought the modern convention would be COPAVR (gene name plus the original name). |
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| reh | Jun 28 2015, 03:06 PM Post #5 |
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Get the Duct Tape, Stat!
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Have i already mentioned the california cavias? Looks like tort without side markings ("red himalayan"), semidominant, cold sensitiv, not an E or A Mutation and probably not a K (like in dog) mutation either, because this need a functional receptor. Can appear in red/ee (all sorts from cream to red), tortoise ep (like japanese) and agouti colors AE. http://van-barnim.de/styled/photos-2/index.html http://van-barnim.de/styled-5/photos-6/index.html |
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www.rabbitcolors.info - Images and Gene Codes www.satinangora.de | |
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| NeuBunny | Jun 29 2015, 08:11 AM Post #6 |
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Genetics Geek!
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I'm familiar with california cavies...crossing my fingers that someone here will take out a COD soon (likely Tracy Iverson as he is seriously breeding for them here and is a well-respected cavy-breeder in the ACBA) so we can begin the process of getting them added to the US standard. It is beautiful on the bright red and oranges! It will be interesting to see whether it is accepted here on just the red/orange or on a whole series of coat colors. Cavy folks worldwide have pretty much agreed to call it K ... though still debating whether or not is is the same K as in dogs. Data shows it is co-dominant ... with the masks on KK being consistently more extensive than the ones on Kk. ![]() Photo from Iverson's cavies ... Kk and KK I haven't heard anyone talking about it being temperature sensitive (in the sense of being careful about environmental conditions of raising litters ... as we do with himalayans) ... but it certainly does follow that pattern with the markings NOT being visible at birth but developing slowly as the baby coat is replaced. It can appear on white as well, which is going to cause some consternation with himalayan breeders ... A pink-eyed white with KK is phenotypically indistinguishable from a good himalayan. I've seen photos of Kk on most of the colors and patterns now ... it 'covers' the nose and feet markings (phaeomelanin) on tan pattern (at) as well as agouti (A), solid (Ar), brindle (ep). I've seen one photo-series of a Kk tortoiseshell and white pup that had white nose markings that were lost as the mask developed. I haven't seen it on roan, but roans tend to have minimal scattered white on the points anyway, so it might be very difficult to see which would come out 'on top'. |
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| twr | Jun 29 2015, 01:21 PM Post #7 |
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POWITH!!
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I saw it mentioned on the harlequin thread but didn't follow up there because it was off topic. Could you confirm how it appears on agouti please. Like a normal agouti but with extra black on the points? How certain is it that this is not an A or E allele? Based on what sort of tests? It certainly sounds like it is temperature sensitive. I doubt it is the same as dog K (as I understand it it is a fluke that the wild type dog K is such that a EDIT: Misread the K mutation type. EDIT: In case anyone is interested, I found the cavy version of the dog K peptide. The important part is from aa 24 onwards (starting LISA and IINT respectively). There are clearly both similarities and differences, but predicting whether they might behave similarly wrt MC1R binding is beyond me. Edited by twr, Jun 29 2015, 03:21 PM.
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| NeuBunny | Jun 29 2015, 02:32 PM Post #8 |
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Genetics Geek!
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Again, not my photos ... borrowed ones posted by VanBarnim on another forum. Here's the golden agouti ... ![]() The photo series I mentioned above was his too ... and I remembered incorrectly ... it was a tortoiseshell, not a tortoiseshell and white... and he had a more recent one with a broken Californian that shows the white blaze remains across the mask ... ![]() But looking for the agouti picture, I found a newer one from VanBarnim of a red roan ... the white stays white ... ![]() Edited by NeuBunny, Jun 29 2015, 02:41 PM.
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| twr | Jun 29 2015, 03:44 PM Post #9 |
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POWITH!!
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Thanks for the pictures NeuBunny.I followed up the VanBarnim name and found a reference to temperature sensitivity on their website at www.van-barnim.de under Californias->Beschreibung (auto-translated here). Minimally tweaked from the auto-translate it reads "The California pattern is a cold pattern. Therefore, the pattern shows in the warm season somewhat weaker in severity." EDIT: Oh, and the fact cavy "K" is expressed on an ee background means it cannot realistically be related to dog K since dog K works by binding to MC1R and has no effect on an ee background (Candille et al. (2007) - A β-Defensin Mutation Causes Black Coat Color in Domestic Dogs image at end of author summary). Cavy e is a large-scale deletion* in MC1R, so it is unrealistic to expect it to both bind a dog-like K and to be rendered functional as a result. * Confirming this was a bit of a pain. The best I could find was Roger D Cone (ed), The Melanocortin Receptors, p325 "a large deletion in this gene [MC1R] was observed [in] the red guinea pig". EDIT2: Oops, looks like I crossed over with reh below. Edited by twr, Jun 29 2015, 04:27 PM.
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| reh | Jun 29 2015, 04:07 PM Post #10 |
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Get the Duct Tape, Stat!
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Its not certain but supposed. It occurs on E, on ep and on ee background. It occurs on AE as well as at and ep. ep ("japanese") cavies have to carry aa to be black + red, right? The K in dogs need a working receptor to interact with. But if california is expressing on "japanese" cavies its working on a broken or nonexisting MC1R. I try to find samples for an investigation. Its difficult to find someone able to provide blood, so we will try if cheek swaps are sufficent (it works well in hamsters). Maybe we will get to know whats the cause and maybe we get to know a new player in the pigment switching game :-) Edited by reh, Jun 29 2015, 04:11 PM.
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www.rabbitcolors.info - Images and Gene Codes www.satinangora.de | |
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| twr | Jun 29 2015, 04:33 PM Post #11 |
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POWITH!!
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But a temperature sensitive dominant-black E allele could do all this and seems like a fairly plausible mutation to me. It would take inheritance ratios or a gene test rule that out. EDIT: On second thought, if the doubling-up effect reliably appears on both agoutis and reds that would be more than enough to rule out an E allele. Edited by twr, Jun 29 2015, 04:39 PM.
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| reh | Jun 30 2015, 01:59 AM Post #12 |
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Get the Duct Tape, Stat!
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Christian Koch (he developed the german californias) wrote in an article its not E and he seems a fairly reliable, knowledgable cavy breeder and judge. So i beliefe he has testet it out :-) As far as i know there is not much current research in cavia molecular genetics, so it will be difficult to gene test it. |
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www.rabbitcolors.info - Images and Gene Codes www.satinangora.de | |
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| NeuBunny | Jun 30 2015, 09:15 AM Post #13 |
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Genetics Geek!
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Yes. A-ep- (for example) is a tricolor agouti, red and white. The A-series gene always shows through in the 'eumelanin' patches. at-ep- will be only black and red too, but that is because the tan pattern has no ticking either... the distinctive tan markings will all be there, but might be mistaken for red patches due to ep. Thus ep is similar to, but not the same allele as ej in rabbits. Just as 'e' in cavies is similar to, but not the same as 'e' in rabbits. A-ee, Ar-ee, at-ee and aaee look almost identical in cavies (all but the aa can often have residual smut on the ears - but no shading as in tort). In contrast A-ee in rabbits is red, while aaee is tort (and at-ee is a torted otter). Edited by NeuBunny, Jun 30 2015, 09:19 AM.
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| NeuBunny | Jun 30 2015, 09:26 AM Post #14 |
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Genetics Geek!
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My first question too. But the combinations they have gotten from the crosses pretty much prove it can't be... california agouti (has to be A-E- or it wouldn't be agouti) california tortoiseshell (has to be aaep-) california red (has to be ee) |
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